Standard Terms, Conditions, and Templates for Sovereign and Public Sector Credits as Published by Official Creditors



Introduction

This is a compilation of standard terms, conditions, and agreement templates (together, Standard Terms) used by multilateral and government-owned or mandated institutions (together, Official Creditors) to extend credit to foreign governments and public sector entities, as published on the creditors' websites. We present it as a standalone resource on the #PublicDebtIsPublic platform to show how different creditors approach standardization and disclosure, and to inform good contracting and transparency practices. It is a living document, first published on June 25, 2026, and last updated on September 22, 2026. It will be updated on a rolling basis to reflect new developments and user feedback.

Links to Official Creditors' websites and full-text Standard Terms found on those websites are published below, grouped by country and institution. When #PublicDebtIsPublic (#PDIP) researchers did not find Standard Terms on the creditor's website, the entry is marked "Not found."

Standard Terms and full-text contracts found in the public domain but not on the creditor's website may be retrieved using the search function on our platform. Grant and equity financing are outside the scope of this resource and the #PublicDebtIsPublic platform for now. For details on the scope of coverage, classification, and search methods, please consult the Methodology section below.

Although we strive to collect and present all primary source materials in the public domain that meet the criteria set out below, we cannot guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or current status of the information presented. We do not publish paywalled, password-protected, or proprietary information. The wide variety of official providers’ contracting and disclosure practices makes certain information gaps inevitable, and increases the risk of errors and omissions in our presentation.

If you notice an error, omission, or a broken link, please let us know in this feedback form. For more, please see our Terms of Use.

Overview

Publication of standard terms by the creditor is the exception rather than the rule. Most Official Creditors either do not publish their standard terms or do not disclose them where a borrower, researcher, or citizen would first look: on the lender's own website.

Links to Official Creditors’ websites and full-text Standard Terms found on those websites are published under the sections below, grouped by country and institution. When #PDIP researchers did not find Standard Terms on the creditor’s website, the entry is marked “Not found.”

Standard Terms and full-text contracts found in the public domain but not on the creditor’s website may be retrieved using the search function on our platform. Grant and equity financing are outside the scope of this resource and the #PublicDebtIsPublic platform for now. For details on the scope of coverage, classification, and search methods, please consult the Methodology section below.

Although we strive to collect and present all primary source materials in the public domain that meet the criteria set out below, we cannot guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or current status of the information presented. We do not publish paywalled, password-protected, or proprietary information. The wide variety of official providers’ contracting and disclosure practices makes certain information gaps inevitable, and increases the risk of errors and omissions in our presentation. If you notice an error, omission, or a broken link, please let us know in this feedback form. For more, please see our Terms of Use.

Multilateral Institutions — Dataset Overview

#PDIP researchers found standard terms on the websites of 13 out of 39 multilateral institutions surveyed

1326
Standard terms found (13, 33%)
No standard terms found (26, 67%)
Multilateral Institutions — Accessibility Spectrum
Are standard terms hard to find?
more accessible less accessible
Standard terms found on a dedicated landing page on the institution’s website
6
African Development Bank (AfDB)
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
Council of Europe Development Bank
European Stability Mechanism (ESM)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
Standard terms found through an institution’s website search
6
Black Sea Trade & Development Bank (BSTDB)
Development Bank of Central African States (BDEAC)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
OPEC Fund
World Bank – IBRD
World Bank – IDA
Standard terms found through a web search(but not on an institution’s website)
1
World Bank – MIGA
Standard terms found with transaction-specific terms on borrower website(s)*
2
CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA)
Standard terms not found
24
  • African Export-Import Bank
  • Africa Finance Corporation
  • Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)
  • Arab Monetary Fund
  • Caribbean Development Bank
  • Central American Bank for Economic Integration
  • East African Development Bank
  • ECO Trade and Development Bank (ETDB)
  • Eurasian Development Bank
  • Eurasian Fund for Stabilisation and Development (EFSD)
  • European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
  • European Investment Bank (EIB)
  • FONPLATA Development Bank
  • Inter-American Development Bank Group – IDB Invest
  • International Investment Bank (IIB)
  • Islamic Development Bank
  • New Development Bank
  • Nordic Development Fund
  • Nordic Investment Bank
  • Shelter Afrique
  • South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Development Fund
  • Trade and Development Bank (TDB)
  • West African Development Bank, Banque Ouest Africaine de Développement (BOAD)
  • World Bank Group – International Finance Corporation
*Not part of this resource, available at the PDIP Documentation Bank.
Source: PDIP research
Multilateral Institutions — Selected Attributes

Multilateral Institutions

listed by year of establishment* and membership size

1969 and earlier · 13 institutions
IBRD
IFC
CoE
EIB
IDB
IDA
CABEI
AfDB
ADB
EADB
CAF
AFESD
CarDB
1970–1989 · 15 institutions
IIB
BOAD
FONPLATA
IsDB
BADEA
BDEAC
NIB
OPEC
AMF
IFAD
Shelter
IDBInv
TDB
MIGA
NDF
1990–2009 · 7 institutions
EBRD
Afrexim
BSTDB
ETDB
EDB
AFC
EFSD
2010 and later · 4 institutions
SAARC
ESM
AIIB
NDB
80 or more member countries · 7 institutions
AfDB
AIIB
IBRD
IDA
IFAD
IFC
MIGA
31–80 member countries · 9 institutions
ADB
AFC
Afrexim
CoE
EBRD
IDB
IDBInv
IsDB
Shelter
11–30 member countries · 11 institutions
AFESD
AMF
BADEA
BSTDB
CABEI
CAF
CarDB
EIB
ESM
OPEC
TDB
10 or fewer member countries · 12 institutions
BDEAC
BOAD
EADB
EDB
EFSD
ETDB
FONPLATA
IIB
NDB
NDF
NIB
SAARC
= Standard Terms found on the institution’s website
= Standard Terms not found on the institution’s website
= Institutions with private-sector development charter mandates
*“Year of establishment” = the year the institution’s charter or establishing agreement entered into force.
Bilateral Official Creditors — Dataset Overview

#PDIP researchers surveyed the websites of 186 institutions...

Standard Terms Found, Institutions

1922752113186institutions
ODA
ECA
Other
In each colour: textured = standard terms found, solid = not found.

... across 70 countries

Standard Terms Found, Countries

2743
Standard terms found (27, 39%)
No standard terms found (43, 61%)
Export Credit Agencies Standard Terms — Accessibility Spectrum
PDIP researchers found standard terms for ECAs* in 27 out of 70 countries surveyed
27
countries where ECA standard terms were found
more accessible less accessible
Standard terms found on a dedicated landing page on the institution’s website
19
Austria
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
India
Japan
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Slovakia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
US
Standard terms found through an institution’s website search
8
Armenia
Belgium
Brazil
Iran
Lithuania
North Macedonia
Romania
UK
Standard terms not found
43
  • Argentina
  • Australia
  • Botswana
  • Canada
  • China
  • China – Hong Kong
  • Croatia
  • Cyprus
  • Denmark
  • Egypt
  • Estonia
  • Ghana
  • Greece
  • Indonesia
  • Ireland
  • Israel
  • Italy
  • Jamaica
  • Jordan
  • Kazakhstan
  • Korea
  • Kuwait
  • Latvia
  • Malaysia
  • Malta
  • Mexico
  • New Zealand
  • Norway
  • Oman
  • Portugal
  • Qatar
  • Russia
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Serbia
  • Singapore
  • Slovenia
  • Sri Lanka
  • Taiwan
  • Thailand
  • Türkiye
  • UAE
  • Uzbekistan
  • Zimbabwe
*In some countries there is more than one institution fulfilling ECA functions; where at least one publishes, it’s included.
For Cyprus, Ireland, Kuwait and Malta, no dedicated ECA was identified at the time of research.
Source: PDIP research

Standard Terms Collection

Click on the arrows below to expand and view creditor website and full-text document links. Please note that EU institutions are listed under Multilateral, Regional, and Other International Organizations.

Multilateral, Regional and Other International Organizations

(Includes European Union institutions, listed under Multilateral, Regional, and Other International Organizations)

African Development Bank (AfDB)

African Export-Import Bank - Not found

Africa Finance Corporation - Not found

Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) - Not found

Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) - Not found

Arab Monetary Fund - Not found

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

*** Earlier versions may be found by searching the ADB's website

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)

Black Sea Trade and Development Bank (BSTDB)

CAF - Banco de desarrollo de América Latina y El Caribe (Development Bank of Latin America and the Carribean) - Not found

Caribbean Development Bank - Not found

Council of Europe Development Bank

Central American Bank for Economic Integration - Not found

Development Bank of Central African States / La Banque de Développement des États de l'Afrique Centrale (BDEAC)

East African Development Bank - Not found

ECO Trade and Development Bank (ETDB) - Not found

Eurasian Development Bank - Not found

Eurasian Fund for Stabilisation and Development (EFSD) - Not found

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) - Not found

European Investment Bank (EIB) - Not found

European Stability Mechanism (ESM)

FONPLATA Development Bank - Not found

Inter-American Development Bank Group***

*** Earlier versions may be found by searching the IADB's website

Inter-American Development Bank Group - IDB Invest - Not found

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

International Investment Bank (IIB) - Not found

Islamic Development Bank - Not found

New Development Bank - Not found

Nordic Development Fund - Not found

Nordic Investment Bank - Not found

OPEC Fund for International Development

Shelter Afrique - Not found

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Development Fund - Not found

Trade and Development Bank (TDB) - Not found

West African Development Bank, Banque Ouest Africaine de Développement (BOAD) - Not found

World Bank Group - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ***

*** Earlier versions may be found by searching the World Bank website

World Bank Group - International Development Association ***

*** Earlier versions may be found by searching the World Bank website

World Bank Group - International Finance Corporation - Not found

World Bank Group - Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

G-20 Bilateral Official Creditors

(Excludes European Union institutions, listed under Multilateral, Regional, and Other International Organizations)

Argentine Republic
Australia (Commonwealth of)
Brazil (Federative Republic of)
Canada
China (People’s Republic of)
China (People’s Republic of) - Hong Kong
Germany (Federal Republic of)
French Republic
India (Republic of)
Indonesia (Republic of)
Italian Republic
Japan
Korea (Republic of)
Mexico (United Mexican States)
Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of)
South Africa (Republic of)
Türkiye (Republic of)
Russian Federation
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
United States of America
Other Bilateral Official Creditors
Armenia (Republic of)
Austria (Republic of)
Belgium (Kingdom of)
Botswana (Republic of)
Bulgaria (Republic of)
Croatia (Republic of)
Cyprus (Republic of)
Czech Republic
Denmark (Kingdom of)
Egypt (Arab Republic of)
Estonia (Republic of)
Finland (Republic of)
Ghana (Republic of)
Greece (Hellenic Republic)
Hungary
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Ireland
Israel (State of)
Jamaica (Republic of)
Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of)
Kazakhstan (Republic of)
Kuwait (State of)
Latvia (Republic of)
Lithuania (Republic of)
Luxembourg (Grand Duchy of)
Malaysia
Malta (Republic of)
New Zealand
North Macedonia (Republic of)
Norway (Kingdom of)
Oman (Sultanate of)
  • ODA - OECD DAC Profile - Not available
  • ECA
Poland (Republic of)
Portuguese Republic
Romania
Serbia (Republic of)
Singapore (Republic of)
Slovak Republic
Slovenia (Republic of)
Spain (Kingdom of)
Sri Lanka (Democratic Socialist Republic of)
Sweden (Kingdom of)
Switzerland (Swiss Confederation)
Qatar (State of)
Taiwan (Republic of China)
Thailand (Kingdom of)
The Netherlands (Kingdom of)
Ukraine (Republic of)
United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan (Republic of)
  • ODA - OECD DAC Profile - Not available
  • ECA
Zimbabwe (Republic of)

Methodology

What Are Standard Terms?

Most creditors use in-house forms or those published by industry groups as the basis for their agreements with public sector borrowers. These are negotiated and adapted for specific transactions. The standard terms change rarely– sometimes, not for decades .

Our resource covers two kinds of Standard Terms:

  • Standard terms that the creditor regularly incorporates by reference or appends in their entirety to transaction-specific terms, and
  • Templates or forms of agreement that the creditor uses regularly in its public debt transactions.

In both cases, transaction-specific terms usually supplement and may modify the Standard Terms.

We exclude documents that would not be part of a legally binding agreement, such as application forms, process handbooks, disbursement manuals, transparency or disclosure policies, product descriptions, and exposure reporting.

Which Institutions Are Covered?

Official Creditors take many different forms, have different mandates and contracting practices, and use different financial terms. In selecting and grouping creditors for this resource, wehave sought to apply consistent and stable criteria developed by international organizations, financial industry bodies, and academic researchers, as detailed below, with a bias toward broader geographic and institutional coverage.

The focus of #PublicDebtIsPublic is public debt, and the focus of this resource is Official Creditors. We therefore exclude

  • ✕ Providers of grant or equity financing only
  • ✕ Providers that are not owned, controlled, or mandated by governments, and
  • ✕ Providers that do not extend credit to, or guaranteed by, foreign governments or foreign public sector entities.

We elaborate below.

Multilateral Creditors

This category comprises multilateral, regional, and plurilater al institutions that are owned by two or more states, and extend credit to the public sector on either concessional or market-based terms. This is a very broad definition that captures many different kinds of institutions, credit and disclosure practices .

Because in some cases, creditors invoke their multilateral character to claim repayment preference in a sovereign debt restructuring, the boundaries of this category are contested. When we list an institution as “multilateral,” we do not take a position on its claim status or repayment ranking.

The list of multilateral, regional, and plurilateral institutions in Appendix III to the IMF Policy Paper: Macroeconomic Developments and Prospects in Low-Income Developing Countries (March 2018) was our starting point for the scope of coverage. It is the most inclusive list of its kind published by an international organization since 2015. In addition, we consulted each institution's charter, where available.

We exclude institutions that only make grants and those that do not lend to the public sector, as well as monetary institutions. Monetary institutions, reserve-sharing arrangements and swap line networks use transaction forms and documentation practices that differ substantially from multilateral development banks (MDBs). We plan to include monetary institutions in future compilations.

Official Bilateral Creditors

G-20 members, including the European Union (EU), together with EU member states, account for the largest number of creditors in this resource. For governments that are not part of the G-20 or the European Union, we drew on the following sources (as of June 26, 2026):

We divide official bilateral creditors into concessional development lenders and market-based export credit providers, and add a residual category for those that fit neither label, as detailed below. These categories roughly map onto the international policy coordination mechanisms under the auspices of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) , although not all bilateral creditors participate. Our categories may differ from those used in any given domestic legal system (including those of the creditors ), and those used by international fora such as the Paris Club of official bilateral creditors.

  • ODA: Government agencies, instrumentalities, and state-owned or mandated entities that are listed as a part of a country’s “institutional set-up” for ODA, as described in its OECD Development Co-operation Profile . From the institutional set-up, we include (i) providers of ODA in the form of concessional debt financing extended bilaterally on below-market terms to sovereign or other public-sector recipients and (ii) institutions responsible for ODA policy. We exclude ODA providers in the form of grants and contributions to, or shareholdings in, multilateral development banks (MDBs). Where a country does not have an OECD Development Co-operation Profile, the entry is marked "Not available"
  • ECA: Official, or officially mandated, entities that provide loans, guarantees, insurance, or other forms of export financing that become direct or contingent public debt liabilities. ECAs generally extend credit on market-based terms to support their domestic exporters. An entity identified as an ECA in the Berne Union membership roster is classified as an ECA in our list. Where an entity provides both ECA and ODA financing, it is listed as an ECA with an asterisk(*).
  • Other: All other official, or officially mandated, institutions that extend credit to the public sector in other countries. This is a residual category that may include concessional or market-based lending by line ministries, military cooperation lending, and lending by public-private hybrid institutions.

In selecting and grouping the institutions, we used the following sources (as of June 26, 2026):

Where Do We Find Standard Terms?

This resource covers only those Standard Terms published on Official Creditors' websites. As part of the broader #PublicDebtIsPublic initiative, we also identify and publish Standard Terms found on borrowers’ websites, on the websites of accountability institutions and civil society organizations, and in media and research reports. In many cases, the Standard Terms are appended to transaction-specific terms .

For this resource, #PDIP researchers began by navigating creditor website tabs for operations, financial products, resources, and publications, before using their website search function for terms such as “credit,” “loan,” “lending,” “standard terms,” “general terms and conditions,” “terms and conditions” and “general conditions.” When a creditor website search failed to identify the relevant document, they performed a Google search using the creditor’s name or home page URL with variations of these terms, which led to a handful of documents located, but not indexed, on the creditors’ websites.

At least two post-graduate law researchers performed the original search independently for each creditor; their results were reviewed by at least one senior #PDIP research staff member. Separately, two law student researchers were asked to perform the same search, timing themselves as a rough proxy for ease of access to the document. Where Standard Terms were published and indexed on the creditor’s website, the law students usually found them in under five minutes. In some cases, #PDIP research teams spent an additional one to three hours to confirm that the Standard Terms were not on the creditor’s website.

Where we found at least one set of Standard Terms on a creditor's website, we listed the document title and linked to the full-text file under the creditor's name and home page link. Where we found no Standard Terms, we added “Not found” after the home page link.

“Not found” may cover one or more of the following scenarios:

  • The entity lends to sovereigns using Standard Terms but does not publish them on its website;
  • The entity does not use Standard Terms or templates;
  • We did not find the Standard Terms using website navigation and basic search tools; or
  • We found the Standard Terms, but not on the creditor's website (for example, in a borrower's document repository), and published them elsewhere on the #PublicDebtIsPublic platform.